KNOW HOW FAR TO BACKTRACK

Murphy's Law #4: Measure percentage retracements. Market corrections up or down usually retrace a significant portion of the previous trend. You can measure the corrections in an existing trend in simple percentages. A fifty percent retracement of a prior trend is most common. A minimum retracement is usually one-third of the prior trend. The maximum retracement is usually two-thirds. Fibonacci retracements of 38% and 62% are also worth watching. During a pullback in an uptrend, therefore, initial buy points are in the 33-38% retracement area. - John Murphy

The concept of "retracement" is closely related to the concepts of support and resistance that we looked at last week. When there are no obvious support or resistance levels near the current stock price - maybe because the stock is breaking out to new highs for example - you can often use percentage-based retracement levels to "invent" new support or resistance levels.

To create a percentage retracement level, measure the most recent significant move that the stock made - i.e. the distance from the top of the last important "peak" on the chart to the last important "trough" on the chart. Now, mentally consider that distance to be "100%". By multiplying that number by the appropriate percentage, you can determine where these new "invented" support/resistance levels are.

For instance, as John indicates, stocks often reverse at the 50% retracement level. Thus, you'd multiple the distance you measured above by 0.50 (50% - the same as dividing by 2) to determine how far the stock would need to move (from the previous peak or trough) to hit that retracement level.

If that sounds like a bunch of needless math to you, you're right! And you're in luck - StockCharts' ChartNotes annotation tool can do most of the work for you quickly and easily. Start by creating a SharpChart of the stock you are interested in, then click on the "Annotate" link located just below the chart. In a couple of seconds, our Java-based annotation tool (which we call "ChartNotes") should appear with your chart loaded up and ready. It should look something like this:

To study retracements, first click once on the "Fibo Retracement" tool from the top toolbar (marked with a blue square). Next, move your mouse to the previous significant peak or trough (on the GM chart above, let's study the big move in December 2003). Then, click and hold down your mouse button while dragging the pointer to the next significant trough or peak. As you drag, we automatically display the important retracement levels and their values. When you have your mouse in the proper place, simply lift up on the button to finalize things. You should see something like this:

(Note: To duplicate this exactly, you'll need to move your mouse horizontally to the right edge and then use the "Expand Right" tool a couple of times.)

Now, why do retracement levels work at all? What's the "magic" behind them? The magic is the natural human tendency to worry. For example, after a stock has risen for a while, it's natural that some of its stockholders will start to get nervous and start thinking about "locking in" their profits (i.e., selling). The point at which that actually happens is different for each individual shareholder, but statistically, shareholders act on those nervous feelings in three clusters - one around 38%, one around 50% and one around 62%.

In the case of the GM move last December, notice how many of the investors later "locked in their profits" (i.e. "gave up") around the 38.2% and 50% retracement levels of that big move (red arrows).

Retracement analysis lets you and I take advantage of this natural nervousness in others.

- Chip Anderson